|
HD3 :
FLUID MECHANICS
1.
INTRODUCTION
Introduction,
Classification of Fluid, Fundamental Units, S.I. (International
System of Units), Presentation of Units and their Values, Rules for
S.I. Units, Liquids and their properties, Density of Water, Specific
weight of Water, Specific Gravity of Water, Compressibility of
Water, Surface tension of water, Capillarity of Water, Viscosity of
Water.
2.
HYDROSTATICS
Introduction,
Total Pressure, Total Pressure on an Immersed Surface, Total
Pressure on a Horizontally Immersed Surface, Total pressure on a
Vertically Immersed Surface, Total Pressure on inclined surface,
Centre of pressure, Pressure on a curved Surface.
3.
EQUILIBRIUM OF
FLOATING BODIES
Introduction,
Archimedes Principle, Buoyancy, Centre of Buoyancy, Metacentre,
Metacentric Height, Analytical Method for Metacentric Height,
Conditions of Equilibrium of a floating Body, Stable Equilibrium,
Unstable Equilibrium, Unstable Equilibrium, Neutral Equilibrium,
Maximum Length of Vertically Floating Body, Conical Buoys Floating
in Liquid, Experimental method for Metacentric Height, Time of
Rolling (Oscillation) of a floating body.
4.
BERNOULLI’S EQUATION
AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Introduction,
Energy of a liquid in Motion, Potential Energy of a liquid particle
in Motion, Kinetic Energy of a liquid particle in Motion, Pressure
Energy of a liquid particle in Motion, Total Energy of a liquid
particle in Motion, Total Head of a liquid particle in Motion,
Bernoulli’s Equation, Euler’s Equation for Motion, Limitations of
Bernoulli’s Equation, Practical Applications of Bernoulli’s
Equation, Venturimeter, Discharge through a Venturimeter, Inclined
Venturimeter, Orifice Meter, Pitot Tube.
5.
FLOW THROUGH ORIFICES
Introduction,
Types of Orifices, Jet of Water, Vena Contracta, Hydraulic
Coefficients, Coefficient of Velocity, Coefficient of Discharge,
Coefficient of Resistance, Experimental Method for Hydraulic
Coefficients, Discharge through a small Rectangular Orifice,
Discharge through a large Rectangular Orifice, Discharge through a
Submerged or Drowned Orifice, Discharge through a Wholly Drowned
Orifice, Discharge through a Partially Drowned Orifice, Discharge
through a Drowned Orifice under Pressure.
6.
FLOW THROUGH
MOUTHPIECES
Types of
mouthpieces, Loss of a Head of a Liquid Flowing in a pipe, Loss of
Head due to Sudden Enlargement, Loss of Head due to sudden
contraction, Loss of Head at entrance to pipe, Discharge through a
Mouthpiece, Discharge through an External mouthpiece, Discharge
through an Internal mouthpiece (Re-entrant or Borda’s mouthpiece),
Discharge through a Convergent Mouthpiece, Discharge through a
Convergent-divergent Mouthpiece (Bell-mouthpiece), Pressure in a
mouthpiece, Pressure in an External mouthpiece, Pressure in an
internal mouthpiece, Pressure in a Convergent Mouthpiece, Pressure
in a Convergent-divergent Mouthpiece.
7.
FLOW THROUGH SIMPLE
PIPES
Introduction,
Loss of Head in Pipes, Darcy’s Formula for loss of Head in pipes,
Chezy’s Formula for Loss of Head in Pipes, Graphical Representation
of Pressure Head and Velocity Head, Hydraulic Gradient Line, Total
Energy Line, Transmission of Power through Pipes, Time of Emptying a
Tank through a Long Pipe, Time of Flow from One Tank into Another
through a Long Pipe.
8.
UNIFORM FLOW THROUGH
OPEN CHANNELS
Introduction,
Chezy’s Formula for Discharging through an Open Channel, Values of
Chezy’s Constant in the formula for Discharge through an Open
Channel, Bazin’s Formula for Discharge, Kutter’s Formula for
Discharge, Manning’s Formula for Discharge, Discharge through a
Circular Channel, Channels of Most Economical Cross-sections,
Condition for Maximum Discharge through a Channel of Rectangular
Section, Condition for Maximum Discharge through Channel of
Trapezoidal Section, Condition for Maximum Velocity through a
Channel of Circular Section, Condition for Maximum Discharge through
a Channel of Circular Section, Measurement of River Discharge, Area
of Flow, Simple Segments Method, Simpson’s rule, Average Velocity of
Flow, Floats, Pitot Tube, Chemical Method for the Discharge of a
River.
9.
VISCOUS FLOW
Viscosity,
Newton’s Law of Viscosity, Effect of Viscosity on Motion, Units of
Viscosity, Effect of Temperature on the Viscosity, Kinematic
Viscosity, Classification of Fluids, Ideal Fluid, Real Fluid,
Newtonian Fluid, Non-Newtonian Fluid,Ideal Plastic fluid,
Classification of Viscous Flows, Laminar Flow, Turbulent Flow,
Reynold’s Experiment of Viscous Flow, Reynold’s number,
Hagen-Poiseuille Law for Laminar Flow in Pipes, Distribution of
Velocity of a Flowing Liquid over a Pipe Section, Loss of Head due
to Friction in a Viscous Flow.
10.
IMPACT OF JETS
Introduction,
Force of Jet Impinging Normally on a fixed Plate, Force of Jet
Impinging on an Inclined Fixed Plate, Force of Jet Impinging on a
Curved Plate, Force of Jet Impinging on a Moving Plate, Force of Jet
Impinging on a Series of Moving Vanes, Force of Jet Impinging on a
Fixed Curved Vane, Force exerted ny a Jet of water on a series of
vanes.
11.
JET PROPULSION
Introduction,
Pressure of Water due to Deviated Flow, Principle of Jet Propulsion,
Conditions for maximum efficiency, Propulsion of Ships by water
Jets, Propulsion of Ships Having Inlet Orifices at Right Angles to
the Direction of its Motion (i.e. Orifices Amidship), Propulsion of
Ships Having Inlet Orifices Facing the Direction of Flow.
12.
WATER WHEELS
Introduction,
Hydroelectric Power Plant, Heads of Turbine, Classification of
Hydraulic Turbines, Water Wheels, Pelton
13.
IMPULSE TURBINES
Introduction,
Pelton Wheel, Runner and Buckets, Casing, Braking Jet, Work Done by
an Impulse Turbine, Design of Pelton Wheels, Governing of an Impulse
Turbine (Pelton Wheel), Other Impulse Turbines.
14.
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
Introduction,
Types of Pumps, Centrifugal Pump, Types of casings for the impeller
of a Centrifugal Pump, Volute Casing (Spiral Casing), Vortex Casing,
Volute Casing with Guide Blades, Work done by a Centrifugal Pump,
Efficiencies of a Centrifugal Pump, Manometric Efficiency,
Mechanical Efficiency.
15.
PUMPING DEVICES
Introduction,
Hydraulic Ram, Air Lift Pump, Rotary Pump.
16.
HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
Introduction,
Hydraulic Press, Hydraulic Accumulator, Hydraulic Intensifier,
Hydraulic Crane, Hydraulic Lift, Direct Acting Hydraulic Lift,
Suspend Hydraulic Lift, Hydraulic Coupling, Hydraulic Torque
Convertor.
|
