COURSE STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B.TECH)

In

Electronics & Telecommunication

Course Structure

Second Year

Third Semester

Syllabus

BSET1 : MATHEMATICS III

1.        PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

Introduction, Limit , Partial derivatives , Partial derivatives of Higher orders, Which variable is to be treated as constant, Homogeneous function, Euler’s Theorem on Homogeneous Functions, Introduction, Total Differential Coefficient, Important Deductions, Typical cases, Geometrical Interpretation of ,, Tangent plane to a surface, Error determination, Jacobians, Properties of Jacobians, Jacobians of Implicit Functions, Partial Derivatives of Implicit Functions by Jacobian, Taylor’s series, Conditions for F(x,y) to be of two variables maximum or minimum, Lagrange’s method of undermined Multipliers.

2.        PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Partial Differential Equations, Order, Method of Forming Partial Differential Equations, Solution of Equation by direct Integration, Lagrange’s Linear equation, Working Rule, Method of Multipliers, Partial Differential Equations non- Linear in p,q ,  Linear Homogeneous Partial Diff. Eqn., Rules for finding the complimentary function, Rules for finding the particular Integral, Introduction, Method of Separation of Variables, Equation of Vibrating Strain, Solution of Wave Equation, One Dimensional Heat Flow, Two dimensional Heat Flow.

3.        FOURIER SERIES

Periodic Functions, Fourier Series, Dirichlet’s Conditions, Advantages of Fourier Series, Useful Integrals, Determination of Fourier constants (Euler’s Formulae), Functions defined in two or more sub spaces, Even Functions, Half Range’s series, Change of Interval, Parseval’s Formula, Fourier series in Complex Form, Practical Harmonic Analysis.

4.        LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION

Introduction, Laplace Transform, Important Formulae, Properties of Laplace Transforms, Laplace Transform of the Derivative of f (t), Laplace Transform of Derivative of order n, Laplace Transform of Integral of f (t), Laplace Transform of t.f (t) (Multiplication by t), Laplace Transform off(t) (Diversion by t), Unit step function, second shifting theorem, Theorem, Impulse Function, Periodic Functions, Convolution Theorem, Laplace Transform of Bessel function, Evaluation of Integral, Formulae of Laplace Transform, properties of Laplace Transform, Inverse of Laplace Transform, Important formulae, Multiplication by s, Division of s (Multiplication by 1/s), First shifting properties, second shifting properties, Inverse Laplace Transform of Derivatives, Inverse Laplace Transform of Integrals,Partial Fraction Method, Inverse Laplace Transform, Solution of Differential Equations, Solution of simultaneous equations, Inversion Formulae for the Laplace Transform.

5.              NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES

Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations, Taylor’s Series Method, Picard’s method of successive approximations, Euler’s method, Euler’s Modified formula, Runge’s Formula, Runge’s Formula (Third only), Runge’s Kutta Formula (Fourth order), Higher order Differential Equations.

6.              NUMERICAL METHODS FOR SOLUTION OF PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

General Linear partial differential equations, Finite-Difference Approximation to Derivatives, Solution of Partial Differential equation(Laplace’s method), Jacobi’s Iteration Formula, Guass-Seidal method, Successive over-Relanation or S.O.R. method, Poisson Equation, Heat equation(parabolic equations), Wave equation (Hyperbolic Equation).

BSET2 : PRINCIPLES OF PROGRAMMING

1.                   LANGUAGES DESIGN ISSUES

Why Study  Programming Languages?, A Short History of Programming Languages – Development of Early Languages; Evolution of Software Architectures; Application Domains, Role of Programming Languages – What makes a Good Languages?; Language Paradigms; Language Standardization; Internationalization, Programming Environments – Effects on Language Design; Environment Frameworks; Job Control and Process Languages, C Overview, Suggestions for Further Reading.

2.                   IMPACT OF MACHINE ARCHITECTURES

Virtual Computers and Language Implementations, Hierarchies of Virtual Machines, Binding and Binding Time, Java Overview.

3.                   ELEMENTARY DATA TYPES

Data Objects; Variables; and Constants, Data types, Declarations, Type Checking and Type Conversion, Assignment and Initialization, Numerical Data Types , Enumerations, Booleans, Characters, Character Strings, Pointers and Programmer-Constructed Data Objects, Files and Input-Output.

4.                   ENCAPSULATION

Structured Data Objects and Data Types, Specification of Data Structure Types, Implementation of Data Structure Types, Declaration and Type Checking for Data Structures, Vectors and Arrays, Records, Lists, Sets, Executable Data Objects, Evolution of the Data Type Concept, Information Hiding, Subprograms as Abstract Operations, Subprogram Definition and Invocation, Subprogram Definitions as Data Objects.

5.                   INHERITANCE

Abstract Data  Types Revisited, Derived Classes, Methods, Abstract Classes, Smalltalk Overview, Objects and Messages, Abstraction Concepts, Polymorphism.

6.                   SEQUENCE CONTROL

Implicit and Explicit Sequence Control, Sequencing with Arithmetic Expressions – Tree-Structure Representation; Execution-Time Representation, Sequence Control Between Statements – Basic Statements; Structured Sequence Control; Prime Programs.

7.                   SUBPROGRAM CONTROL

Simple Call-Return Subprograms, Recursive Subprograms, The Pascal Forward Declaration, Names and Referencing Environments, Static and Dynamic Scope, Block Structure, Local Data and Local Referencing Environments, Actual and Formal Parameters, Methods for Transmitting Parameters, Transmission Semantics, Implementation of Parameter Transmission.

BSET3 : SIGNALS & NETWORKS

1.             SIGNALS, SYSTEMS AND WAVEFORMS

Signals; Characteristics of Signals; Step,Ramp, and Impulse Functions (Signals); Systems (Types of Networks) --- Linear and NonLinear Network (Systems), Time Invariant and Time Variant Networks, Casual and Non Casual Networks, Passive and Active Networks, Lumped and Distributed Networks.

2.             LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

Introduction, Definition of Laplace Transform, Properties of Laplace Transform, Inverse Laplace Transform, Inverse Laplace Transform Using Partial Fraction Expansion, Inverse Laplace Transform Using Convolution Integral.

3.             APPLICATIONS OF LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

Introduction, Laplace Transformation For Solving Differential Equations, Application of Laplace Transform for Network Analysis, Definition of System Function, Impulse and Step Response of Networks.

4.             NETWORK FUNCTIONS

Driving Point Functions, Transfer Functions, Poles and Zeros, Necessary Conditions.

5.             TWO PORT NETWORKS

Introduction, Open Circuit Impedance Parameters or Z-Parameters, Short Circuit Admittance Parameters or Y- Parameters, Hybrid Parameters, Transmission or ABCD Parameters, Interrelationships between the Parameters, Interconnection of Two Port Networks, Input Impedance Interms of Two Port Parameters,  Output Impedance Interms of Two Port Parameters.

6.             NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Graph of the Network; Graph Theory for Network Analysis ---Network Equilibrium Equations On Loop or KVL Basis, Network Equilibrium Equations On Node or KCL Basis; Network Equilibrium Equations in Matrix Form --- Mesh or Loop or KVL Equilibrium Equations, Node or KCL Equilibrium Equations.

7.             DRIVING POINT SYNTHESIS

Synthesis of Networks with Two Kinds of Elements; LC – Driving Pont Immitance Functions --- Synthesis of L-C networks; RC Driving Point Immittance Functions ---Synthesis of RC functions; RL Driving Point Immittance Functions --- Note about RL and RC Networks; RLC Network Synthesis.

BSET4 : DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

1.       NUMBER SYSTEMS AND CODES:

Binary Number System, Octal Number System, Hexadecimal Number System, Bits and Bytes , 1’s and 2’s Complements,  Decimal –to- Binary Conversion,  Decimal-to- Octal Conversion, Decimal –to-Hexadecimal Conversion, Binary –octal  and Octal – Binary Conversions , Hexadecimal – Binary and Binary –Hexadecimal Conversion, Hexadecimal –Octal  and Octal –Hexadecimal Conversion. BCD Code, Excess -3 Code , Gray code , Alphanumeric Codes ,Parity Bits, Hamming Code, Floating Point Numbers.

2.     BINARY ARITHNETIC:

        Basic Rules of Binary , Addition of Larger Bit Binary Numbers, Subtraction of Larger Bit Binary Numbers,  Addition Using 2’s Complement Method,  Subtraction Using 2’s Complement Method, Binary Multiplicity –repeated Left Shift and Add Algorithm , Binary Divison – Repeated Right Shift and Subtract Alogrithm.

3.     LOGIC GATES AND LOGIC FAMILIES:

Positive and Negative Logic, Truth Tables, Logic Gates, Fan out of Logic Gates, Logic Families,  TTL Logic Family,  CMOS Logic Family, ECL Logic Family,NMOS AND PMOS  Logic Families.

4. BOOLEN ALGEBRA AND MINIMISATION TECHNIQUES:

Boolean Algebra vs. Ordinary Algebra , Boolean Expressions- Variables and Literals, Boolean Expressions – Equivalent and Complement,Theorems of Boolem Algebra, Minimisation  Techniques ,Sum –of – products Boolen Expressions, Quine- Mccluskey Tabular Method, Karnaugh Map Method,Karnaught Maps for Boolean Expressions : With More Than Four Variables.

5. COMBINATIONAL LOGIC CIRCUITS:

Combinational Circuits, Implementating Combinational Logic, Arithmetic Circuits –Basic Building Blocks, Adder- Subtractor, BCD Adder, Carry Propagation- Look Ahead Carry Generator, Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Mulitpliers, Magnitude Comparator, Parity  Generator and Checker, De- multiplexers and Decoders, Encoders, Read Only Memory (ROM), Programmable Logic Array (PLA)

6.       FLIP FLOPS AND RELATED DEVICES:

R-S Flip Flop , Level Triggered and Edge Triggered Flip Flops, J.K Flip Flop, Master-slave Flip Flops, T-flip Flop,  D-flip Flop, Synchronous and Asynchronous Inputs.

7. COUNTERS AND REGISTERS:

Ripple Counter vs. Synchronous Counter, Modulus (or Mod-Number)of a Counter, Propogation Delay in Ripple Counters, Binary Ripple Counters- Operational Principle, Binary Ripple Counters with Modulus Less Than (2),Synchronous (or Parallel ) Counters, Up/Down Counters, Decade and BCD Counters , Presettable Counters, Shift Register, Serial-in Serial –out Shift Register, Serial –in Parallel-out Shift Register, Parallel – in ,Serial –out Shift Register, Parallel-in , Parallel –out Shift Register, Shift Register Counters- Ring Counter, Shift Counter.

8. SEMI- CONDUCTOR MEMORY:

RAM Architecture, Static RAM (SRAM),Dynamic RAM (DRAM),

BSET5 : ELECTRICAL MACHINES

1  INTRODUCTION

                           Basic concept of Electrical Engineering; Resistance

                           Inductance

                           Capacitance

                           Resistance connected in series and Parallel

                           Capacitance connected in series and parallel

                           Concept of AC/DC currents and AC/DC Voltages,

                           EMF

                           Potential difference, Work, Power and Energy.

 2  DC NETWORKS

                           Kirchhoff’s  Laws,

                           Node voltage and Mesh current Methods

                           Delta – Star and Star - Delta Conversion

                           Superposition principle

                           Thevenin’s and Norton’s  Theorems

3  TRANSFORMER

                            Construction and principle of X’Mers

                            EMF equation

                            Ideal X’Mer

                            Shell type & Core type X’Mer

                            Phasor Diagrams

                            Equivalent Circuits,

                            Regulation and Efficiency of X’Mer,

                            Capacity of X’Mer, and Losses,

                             Introduction to Auto X’Mer

4  DC MACHINES

                            Contruction and Principle of DC generation and DC  Motor,

                            Back emf of DC Motor,

                            Types of DC Motor,

                            Reversal of Direction of Rotation of DC Motor,

                            Starting of DC Motor,

                            Characteristics of DC Motor,

                            Uses of DC Motor, Losses in DC Machine.

5  ALTERNATOR

                           Contruction and Working principle of Alternator,

                           Application of Alternators.

6  SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS

                           Principle of Operation,

                           Application of Synchronous Motors

                           Comparision between Synchronous Motor and Induction Motors

************

COURSE STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B.TECH)

In

Electronics & Telecommunication

Course Structure

Second Year

Fourth Semester

Syllabus

BSET6 : SOCIETY, ENVIRONMENT & ENGINEERING

1.DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF SOCIOLOGY:

Introduction, History of Sociology, Meaning of Sociology, Definition of Sociology, Nature of Sociology, Scope of Sociology, Specialistic OR Formalistic School, Synthetic School of Thought, Conclusion on Scope of Sociology, Differences between Social Sciences and Physical Sciences, Sociology and Other Social Sciences, Sociology and Psychology, Sociology and Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science, Advantages of Study of Sociology, Utility of Study of Sociology to Engineers, Study of Sociology and Democracy, Study of Sociology in India, Methods of Predicting: Preferred and Expected Future.

2. BASIC SOCIOLOGICAL CONCEPT:

Introduction, Society, Basic Characteristics of Society, Factors affecting Social Life of a man, Social factors, Biological factors, External factors, Industrial societies/Technological society, Community, Characteristics of a Community, Comparison between Society and Community, Association, Characteristics of Association, Comparison between Association and Community, Institution, Characteristics of Institution, Significance of Institution, Distinction between Institution and Community, Customs, Difference between Institution and Customs, Customs in Indian Society, Habit, Types of Habits, Difference between Customs and Habits, Folkways, Mores. Distinction between Folkways and Mores, Fashions, Social Utility of Fashion, Factor which cause Fashion to spread in Modern Society, Crowd, Characteristics of Crowd, Theories of Crowd behaviour, Comparison between Crowd and Public, Audience, Mob, Social groups, Classification of Social group, ‘Cooley’s’ classification:- Primary v/s Secondary group, Difference between Primary and Secondary group, Social Structure, Role Systems, Role Conflict and Role Strain, Tribe.

3. SOCIAL INSTITUTION:

Introduction, Types of social institution, Origin of society, Theory of Divine origin, Force theory, Patriarchal and Matriarchal theories, theory of social contract, Organic theory, Group mind theory modern theory, Socialization, Types of socialization process of socialization, Factors responsible to socialization, Advantages of socialization. Family characteristics of a family, classification of family, Functions of family, changing characteristic of modern family, future of family, joint family, characteristics of joint family, Advantages of joint family, Disadvantages of joint family system. Future of joint family, Nuclear family or conjugal family, Marriage forms of marriage, Advantages of monogamy, selection of marriage. Partners. Divorce Reasons for Divorce, Marriage system in India, Hindu marriages Act. Divorce under marriage act 1955. Marriage and family in India – some recent trends, dowry, how to curb this customs, religion, characteristics of religion, Religion and morality, Distinction between Religion and morality. Education functionalist aspects of Education – Role of social control. Challenges to Education, Reforming Educational system – practical measures to remove illiteracy. Measures to reduce illiteracy – full Literacy, Multiplicity of Language – 3 language formula. Write in diversity.

4.SOCIAL CHANGE

Factors of social change, social movements, Types of social movements. Theories of social change, Resistance to social change. General continues responsible for social change. Causes responsible for opposition to social changes. When are changes favoured ? Conflicts, causes of conflict, forms of conflict, co-operation social advantages of co-operation. Conflict and co-operation, competition, Distinction between competition and conflict, social progress, social invention, social evolution, characteristics of social evolution, difference between social evolution & social progress, social evolution & social change, Effects of conflict in social change, role of sociologists in Promoting social change, Social disorganization, Causes of social disorganization, Symptoms of social disorganization, Difference between social organization and Disorganization.

5.SOCIAL CONTROL:

Social control and self control necessity of social contril , means of social control  informal means of social control formal methods of Social  control . Agencie of social control , person’s views about systems, cybernetic communication and control

6. SOCIAL PROBLEMS:

Deviance , social problems classification of social problems, causes of social problems some important social problem , major social problems.

7. CULTURE:

What culture is ? , characteristics of culture. Concept  connected with culture characteristics of lag, causes of culture lag , civilization .

Difference between culture and civilization .Acquired behaviour, culture Diffusion.

8. CAPITALISM , MARXISM AND SOCIALISM:

Some important features of capitalism. Advantages of capitalism , Disadvantages of capitalism , communism or Marxism. Basic features of communism, Difference between capitalism of communism , socialism, silent features of socialism. Difference between socialism and communism.

9.SOCIALOGY AND TECHNICAL CHANGES:

Science and society , Advantages of science and technology in the economic Development , Technology and women , Influence of Technology on social Insitutions , Influence of family systems, Demerits, Influence of technology on religion influence of technology on rural life. Influence of Technology on Urban life, social effects of technology, Technology and planning process of nation.

10. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE:

Introduction , phases in development of Technology , Science  & technology in India after independence . Technology policy statement  1983. Role of Science and technology in development.Super conductivity programme , Instrument development program. Natural resources date management systems , Nuclear power program, Indian space program.Technology.  Development in Electronics , Results of planning , science policy resolution of 1958, manpower Development , Impact of Science & Technology  in various sectors.

11.TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT AND TRANSFER:

Introduction , meaning of Technology Assessment  and Transfer what Technology is information Technology , Technology Assessment , Importance of Technology, Technology forecasting and upgradation, Appropriate. Technology , criteria for success of Technology Transfer,

Transfer of technology from laboratory to field.

12.CYBERNETICS:

Introduction, what cybernetics is ? control system

13.ENGINEER IN SOCIETY:

Introduction , optimisaiton , Limitations of optimization , concepts of optimisation . Advantages of optimisation , Methods of optimisation operation research , optimisation of Human Resources . Important of Human Resources , Human Resources planning, Needs and strategies  for Human Resources planning, factors affecting manpower planning . Responsibility for Human Resource planning , work rules , wage , factors affecting wages  , methods of wage fixation optimum use of capital resources, capital , Types of capital , capitalisation , Banking

Classification of bank: Credit instruments optimum utilization of material resources , material Handling , Principles & functions of materials Handling material Handling Devices , manual handling , mechanical handling, conveying equipment , Transportation  and transferring equipment , Lifting, lowering or elevating equipment , Productivity , Labour productivity, importance of productivity, Benefits of productivity measures of increase of productivity, Automation , formulation of problem , formulation of problems and alternative solution. Strategies, Alternative solution strategies ; The principle of limiting factor, the basic process of Evaluation; maintenance of Public system, Defence & Security requirements.

14.INFLATION AND POVERTY:

Inflation, causes of Inflation in India, measures to control inflation and deflation; poverty, Industrialisation of country; conclusion.

15.ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND CONTROL:

Meaning of Environment ;  Environment pollution, pollution, classification of pollutants; Effects of pollution on Living systems, causes of Environmental pollution , Kinds of pollution, suggestion for improving , atmospheric pollution , Environmental control monitoring of environmental pollution , Air pollution, classification of air pollutants, sources of Air pollutants, Geographical factors affecting air pollution , Effects of Air pollution ,prevention and control of Air pollution, water pollution, sources of water pollution, Effect of water pollution , water Analysis, waste water; its treatment and Enviroments, waste water treatment , stages of waste , water treatment , treatment and disposal of sewage, treatment of sewage. Industrial waste treatment and Disposal , Treatment of Efflent, Standards for drinking water, water treatment process, some suggestions for reducing water pollution , Role of Engineer in Environmental protection , Ecological imbalance and its Effects,

16.PLANT LAYOUT AND SITE SELECTION:

Introduction , Nature of location decisions, choice of site for location, Urban Area, selection of Site in Rural Area, Suburban Area, Comparison of site for location of facilities , models of location of service facilties, Economic survey for site selection , plant layout , Advantages of good  layout , Principles of plant layout, Types of pant layout , Fixed position Layout process layout, product layout, combination layout, Selection of space requirement in layouts.

17. PERSONAL MANAGEMENT:

Defination of personnel management, importance of personnel management,principle of personnel management objectives of personnel management functions of personnel management , Recruitment and selection of employees. Manpower planning ; objectives of manpower planning , Types of manpower planning , steps in manpower planning , Procedure of appointing an employee in a factory , Training and Development, principles of Training ,methods of Training , Industrial safety  , Accident Human causes, Effect  of accidents, Effect to the Industry , Effect on worker, cost of society, Types of Accidents , Safety procedures.

Ways to prevent or minimize Accidents , Accident reporting and Investigation, Investigation of causes Precautionary measures for maintaining . Industrial Health, Incentives premium  OR Incentive Bonus system, Essential s of a Good Incentive systems, Understanding duties of other officials in Department. Duties of Maintenance Engineer. Duties of safety officer, Duties of Security officer.

18.INDUSTRIAL ACTS:

Introduction, Indian Boiler Act 1923, The Indian factories Act 1948, Health provisions. Important provisions of the factory Act regarding safety of workers, welfare provisions , penalties for breach of provisions of the act, Indian Electricity  Act, Suppy & Use of Energy, The Employee’s State Insurance Act 1948, Workmen’s compensation Act, The Industrial Dispute Act,1947, Strikes and Lockouts, The payment of wages Act 1936 , The Indian Trade Union Act, 1926 , Minimum Wages Act 1948.

19.STANDARDS:

Indian standard Institution, BIS Publications, ISO-9000 Quality systems.

20.FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT:

Difference between Management , Administration, Organisation, Functions of management , Planning , Production planning and control , steps in production planning and control , Routing procedure of Routing , Scheduling & Loading scheduling and loading , Advantages of planning. Management by objectives, forecasting , Types of forecasting , organizing , meaning of organization,purpose of organizing, Advantages of organization. Classification of organization , Hirarchy systems of organization, Advantages  & Disadvantages of scalar systems , Types of organization structures, functional organization, communication objectives of communication, communication process model superior subordinate communication , Types of communication systems , Advantages of oral communication systems , Disadvantages of oral communication systems, written communication, Directing , Nature of Directing, Prinicples of Direction, controlling , characteristics of Good control systems, co-ordination, Tools of co-ordination, Types of co-ordination,priniciples of co-ordination, co-ordinationVs co-operation. Motivation Importance of motivation, Techniques of motivation, Methods of participation, Extent of worker’s participation in management, worker’s participation in Indian Industries, Human needs, Importance of fulfillment of needs, moslow’s theory of motivation, Leadership, leadership Style.

BSET7 : ELECTRONIC DEVICES & CIRCUIT

1. MULTI STAGE TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIERS

Introduction, Multi-Stage Transistor Amplifier, Gain Decibel, Frequency Response, Band Width, R-C (Resistance-Capacitance) Coupled Transistor Amplifier), Frequency Response, Transformer Coupled Transistor Amplifiers, Direct - Coupled Amplifiers, Comparison Of Different Types Of Multi-Stage Amplifiers,

2. TRANSISTOR  POWER AMPLIFIERS

Introduction, voltage and power amplifiers, comparison of voltage and power amplifiers, process of power amplification, single-ended transistor power amplifier, performance of power amplifiers, classification of power amplifiers, calculations for maximum collector efficiency of a class-a power amplifier, transistor temperature control by heat sinks, collector dissipation curve and its importance, stages of a practical power amplifier, driver stage, complementary-symmetry push-pull amplifier, harmonic distortion in power amplifiers, distortion in push-pull amplifiers

3. FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS

Introduction, Feedback, Principle Of Negative Feedback In Amplifiers, Gian Of Amplifier With Negative Feedback, Transistor Amplifier Curcuit With Negative Voltage Feedback, Feedback Circuit, Negative Feedback Circuits, Transistor Amplifier Circuits With Negative Current Feedback, Circuit Analysis

4. SINUSOIDAL OSCILLATORS

Introduction, sinusoidal oscillator, types of electrical oscillations, transistor oscillator, different types of transistor oscillators, principle of phase shift oscillators, r.c phase shift oscillator, wein bridge oscillator, piezoelectric effect and crystals, characteristics of crystal, transistor crystal oscillator

5. TUNED AMPLIFIERS (RF AMPLIFIERS)

Introduction, classification of tuned amplifiers, merits and limitations of tuned amplifiers, narrow band tuned amplifier, tunability                Single tuned capacitance coupled amplifier, tuned power amplifier, tuned class c amplifiers,

6. SWITCHING AND WAVE – SHAPING

Introduction, switching circuit, switch, electronic switch, comparison between electronic and other switches, analysis of switching action of a transistor, multivibrators and their working principle, types of multivibrators, bistable multivibrator, differentiating circuit, wave-shaping by differentiat­ing circuit, integrating circuit, wave-shaping by integrating circuit, voltage multipliers, voltage doubler, voltage tripler, voltage quadrupler, necessity of voltage multipliers, clamping circuits, wave-shaping by various clipping/clamping circuits

7. SPECIAL POWER SUPPLIES

Introduction, transistorized inverter, constant voltage transformer (cvt), construction of cvt, comparison be1ween cvt and stabilizer, comparison among three types of ups systems, three-terminal ic voltage regulators

8. OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

Introduction, operational amplifiers, ideal opamps with feed back (virtual ground), properties of practical op-amps, op-amps as voltage amplifiers, the voltage follower, differential amplifier, op-amp differentiator, practical operational amplifiers

BSET8 : ANALOG ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS

1.       BIASING OF BJT

Introduction, Types Of  Bjt’s, Transistor Terminals, Transistor Action, Transistor Configurations Or Connections, Common-Base (Cb) Configuration, Characteristics Of Cb Configuration, Transistor Configurations Or Connections, Common-Base (Cb) , Configuration, Characteristics Of Cb Configuration, Common-Emitter (Ce) Configuration, Common  Collector (Cc) , Configuration, Comparison Of Three Configurations, Ce (Common Emitter) Configuration, Operating Point (Quiescent, Q Or Silent Point), Different Points On The Characteristic, Different Operating Conditions Of A Transistor, Transistor Biasing , Need For Biasing A Transistor, What Happens If A Transistor Is Not Biased , Faithful Amplification, Transistor Biasing, Inherent Variations Of Transistor Parameters, Stabilization, Biasing Circuits, Base Resistor/Fixed Bias Circuit, Biasing With A Feedback Resistor, Emitter Resistance Biasing (Or Self Bias), Voltage (Or Potential) Divider Biasing , Two Battery Bias Stabilisation, Thermal Resistance, Determine Of Operating Point In Presence Of Self Heating, Thermal Stability, Bias Compensation, Design Of  biasing Circuts,

2.       BIASING OF FET

Introduction, comparison between BJT and FET, field effect transistors (FET), construction of a JEFT (or simply FET), biasing of FET, working principle of an- n- FET, working of a p- FET, static characteristic of FET, FET parameters, FET as an amplifier, FET applications, description of important applications, Biasing the FET basic FET amplifier

3.       SMALL SIGNAL BJT AMPLIFIER

Introduction, Single Stage Small Signal Amplifiers, A Practical (Single Stage) Transistor Amplifier Phase Relationship Between Input And Output Of A Transistor Amplifier (Phase Reversal), Analysis Of Transistor Amplifier, Equivalent Circuits Of Transistor Amplifier, Alternative Ac Equivalent Circuits For The Amplifier, Graphical Method  ( By Drawing Load Lines), Current, Voltage And Power Gains, Hybrid Parameters, Advantages Of Hybrid Parameters, Two-Port Network, Determination Of H-Parameters, Nomenclature Of H-Parameters, Hybrid Model, Performance Of A Transistor In  H-Parameters, Limitations Of H-Parameters, Grounded Emitter Circuit, Common Base Amplifier, Grounded Collector Circuit , Comparative Study Of Three Types Of Amplifier Circuits, The Common Emitter Amplifier With Emitter Resistor, Simplified Common Emitter Hybrid Model, Effect Of An Emitter Bypass Capacitor In Low Frequency Response, The Physical Model Of Cb Transistor, Resistor As A Switch

4.       SMALL SINGLE FET AMPLIFIER

FET Parameters, JFET As An Amplifier, FET Small Signal Model, Common Source A.C. Amplifier, The Common Drain Or Source Follower, Common Gate Amplifier, General Treatment Of Low Frequency Common Source And Common Drain Amplifier, Common Source Amplifier At High Frequencies, Common Drain Amplifier (Source Follower) At High Frequencies

5.   POWER CIRCUITS (RECTIFIER & FILTERS & REGULATORS)

Introduction Semiconductor Diode Rectifiers (Single Phase), Half-Wave (H.W) Rectifiers, Full-Wave (F.W.) Rectifiers, F.W. Bridge Rectifier, Efficiency Of An F.W. Rectifier, Selection Of A Circuit For F.W. Rectification, Ripple Factor, Types Of Filter Circuits, Owner Supply Filters; Capacitor Filter,  L-Section Filter (Lc Filter), Clc Or Filter, Zener Diode Voltage Regulator

6.   POWER SWITCHING & CONTROL DEVICE

Introduction, Thyristor, Thyristor Family, Working Of An SCR, Two-Transistor Analogy For An SCR, Regeneration,  An SCR As A Latch, Vi - Characteristics Of An SCR, SCR Terms, Applications Of SCR, SCR Pallets (Packages), Variations Of SCR (Family Of SCR Or Thyristors), Silicon Controlled Switch (SCS), Gate Turn-Off (GTO) Switch, Light Activated SCR (Lascr), Triac, Application Of Triac, Diac, Diac Characteristic, Operation Of Diac, Application Of Diac, UJT (Uni-Junction Transistor), Equivalent Circuit Of UJT, Operating Characteristic, Latching (Switching) Operation Of UJT, Application Of UJT-Relaxation Oscillator, Frequency Of Sawtooth Waves Generated By Relaxation Oscillator

BSET9 : ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING

1. COLOMB’S LAW AND ELECTRIC FIELD INTENSITY

The Experimental Law of Coulomb, Electric Field Intensity, Field Due to Continuous Volume Charge Distribution

2.  ELECTRIC FLUX DENSITY, GAUSS’ LAW, AND DIVERGENCE

Electric Flux Density, Gauss’ Law, Applications of Gauss’ Law : Some Symmetrical Charge Distributions, Application of Gauss’ Law : Differential Volume Element, Divergence, Maxwell’s First Equation (Electrostatics), The Vector Operator V and the Divergence Theorem

3.  ENERGY AND POTENTIAL

Energy and Potential in a Moving Point Charge in an Electric Field, The Line Integral, Definition of Potential Difference and Potential, The Potential Field of a Point Charge, The Potential Field of a System of Charges : Conservative Property, Potential Gradient, The Dipole, Energy Density in the Electric Field

4.  CONDUCTORS, DIELECTRICS, AND CAPACITANCE

Current and Current Density, Continuity of Current, Metallic Conductors, Conductor Properties and Boundary Conditions, The Nature of Dielectric Materials, Boundary Conditions for Perfect Dielectric Materials, Capacitance

5.  POISSON’S AND LAPLACE’S EQUATIONS

Poisson’s and Laplace’s Equations, Uniqueness Theorem, Examples of the Solution of Laplace’s Equation, Example of the Solution of Poisson;s Equation, Product Solution of Laplace’s Equation

6.  THE STEADY MAGNETIC FIELD

Ampere’s Circuital Law, Magnetic Flux and Magnetic Flux Density, The Scalar and Vector Magnetic Potentials, Derivation of the Steady-Magnetic-Field Laws

BSET10 : ELECTRICAL MEASUREMEN-I

1. UNITS , SYSTEMS, DIMENSIONS AND STANDARDS

Introduction, Unit, Absolute Units, Fundamental And Derived Units, Dimensions, Dimensions Of Mechanical Quantities, Cgs System Of Units, Practical Units, Rationalised M.K.S.A System, Si Units, Base Units Of Si, Multiplying Prefixes Of Units, Standards And Their Classification, International Standards, Standards For Mass And Length,

2. RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS OF RESISTANCE.

The Pyrolitic or cracked –carbon resistor, Metal –film resistors, Resistors, Time constant resistors. Measurement of Resistance: Volmeter Ammeter Method, Substitution Method,Direct Deflection Method, Differential Galvanometer Method,Kohlrausch’s Method, Wheatstone Bridge,Working of the bridge, Measurement of high-resistances

3. POTENTIOMETER

Analysis of Potentiometer Circuit, Limitation due to the galvcnometer sensitivity, Student Type Potentiometer,Use of potentiometer in the measurement of resistance , voltage and current: Resistance , Measurement of current , Measurement of high voltages

4. A.C.BRIDGES                                                              

Sources and detectors. , general form of an a.c. Bridge., measurement of self inductance, maxwell's inductance-capacitance bridge, hay's bridge,. Anderson's bridge, owen's  bridge, measurement of capacitance, measurement of mutual inductance, heaviside mutual inductance bridge, campbell's modification of heaviside bridge, heaviside campbell equal ratio bridge,

5. ANALOG AMMETERS, VOLTMETERS AND OHMMETERS

Types of instruments, errors in ammeters and voltmeters, permanent magnet moving coil instrument (pmmc)., ammeter shunts, multi-range ammeters, moving iron (m.i.) Instruments, general torque equation of moving iron instruments, classification of moving iron instruments, shape of scale of moving iron instruments, multipliers for moving iron instruments, comparison between attraction and repulsion types of instruments, errors in moving iron instruments, electrodynamometer (electrodynamic) type instruments, operating principle of electrodynamometer type instrument, construction of electrodynamometer type, instrument, torque equation of electrodynamometer instruments, hot wire instruments, thermocouple instruments, principle of operation of thermo-electric instruments, electrostatic instruments. , force and torque equations of electrostatic instruments. Rectifier type instruments, rectifier elements, multimeters

6. INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER

Use of instrument transformers, ratios of instrument transformers, burden of an instrument transformer, current transformers, relationships in at current transformer, errors in current transformers, potential transformers, relationships in a potential transformer, errors in potential transformers, reduction of errors in potential transformers, construction of potential transformers, high voltage potential transformers, protection of potential transformers

7.  MEASUREMENT OF NON-ELECTRIC QUANTITIES

Linear Displacement Transducers, Measurement Of Rotary Displacement, Strain Gauges And Measurement Of Strain, Ballast Circuit, Null Type Wheastone Bridge, Deflection Type Wheastone Bridges, Gauge Sensitivity, Temperature Compensation, Adjacent Arm Compensating Gauge, Use Of Two Active Gauges In Adjacent Arms, Use Of-Our Active Gauges, Poisson's Method, Practical Strain Bridge, Strain Gauge Calibration, Uses Of Strain Gauges, Measurement Of Pressure, Measurement Of Pressure Using Electrical Transducers As Secondary Transducers, Measurement Of Linear Velocity, Moving Magnet Type, Measurement Of Angular Velocity, Electrical Tachometers, Electromagnetic Tachometer Generators, Digital  Methods, Photoelectric Tachometer, Toothed Rotor Variable Reluctance Tachometer, Measurement Of Temperature , Measurement Of Resistance Of Thermometers, Salient Features Of Resistance Wire Thermometers, Thermistors.

COURSE STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B.TECH)

In

Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Course Structure

Third Year

Fifth Semester

BTET1 : Computer Organization

1. INTRODUCTION

The Nature Of Computing, The Elements Of Computers, A Turing Machine To Add Two Unary Numbers, The Evolution Of Computers, Electronic Computers, Organization Of A First-Generation Computer, A  Nonstandard  Architecture:   Stack   Computers, The Vlsi Era.

2. BASIC  ORGANIZATION AT THE COMPUTER

    Logic gates, cpu organization

3. ROLE OF OPERATING SYSTEMS AND COMPILERS

Opening remarks, what is an operating system, early history: the 1940s and the 1950s, the 1960s, the emergence of a new field: software enginering , distributed computing, the key architectural trend: parallel computation, input-output trends, open systems, unix, ethical issues, application bases, the key operating systems for the 1990s, compilers, target-language choice

4. INSIDE A CPU

Data representation, fixed-point numbers, floating-point numbers,Number represented, instruction sets, instruction types, risc versus cisc, programming considerations, registers and storage, common bus system

5. COMPUTER ARITHMETIC AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION

Fixed-point arithmetic, multiplication, twos-complement multipliers, division, division by repeated multiplication, arithmetic-logic units, combinational alus, controller design, introduction, hardwired control, microprogrammed control, the   amd   2909   bit-sliced  microprogram   sequencer , Microinstruction addressing.

6. MEMORY AND IO ACCESS

Ascii alphanumeric characters, input-output interface, i/o bus and interface modules, i/o versus memory bus, asynchronous data transfer, handshaking, asynchronous serial transfer, asynchronous communication interface, first-in, first-out buffer, modes of transfer, interrupt-initiated i/o, priority interrupt, daisy-chaining priority, priority encoder, interrupt cycle, software routines, initial and final operations, direct memory access (dma), dma controller, dma transfer, input—output processor (iop), keyboard devices, mouse, output devices, sequential and direct-access devices, magnetic disk, types of hard disks, optical disk, optical disk drive

7. INSIDE THE MEMORY

Hierarchical Memory Technology, Random Access Memories (Rams), Bipolar Rams, Static Mos Rams, Dynamic Mos Rams, Inclusion, Coherence, And Locality, Memory Capacity Planning, Virtual Memory Technology, Memory Replacement Policies, Cache Addressing Models, Direct Mapping And Associative Caches, Set-Associative And Sector Caches, Cache Performance Issues

8. INTRODUCTION TO PIPELINED OPERATION AND ARCHITECTURE

General Considerations, Instruction Execution Phases, Mechanisms For Instruction Pipelining, Branch Handling Techniques, Computer Arithmetic Principles, Superscalar And Superpipeline Design, Superscalar Pipeline Design, Superpipelined Design, Supersymmentry And Design Tradeoffs, The Vliw Architecture, Vector And Symbolic Processors, Pipelining Hazards

9. INTRODUCTION TO MULTIPROGRAMMING AND MULTIPROCESSING

Characteristics Of Multiprocessors, Interconnection Structures, Parallel Processing, Multiprocessors, Cluster Computers

10. NON VON NEUMANN ARCHITECTURES

Data flow computers, the genesis of data-flow, interpreting data-flow graphs, static and dynamic data-flow architectures, criticisms of data flow, reduction computer architectures, multiple instruction, single data (systolic architectures)

BTET2 : CONTROL SYSTEM

1              INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEM

Classification Of Systems, Open-Loop Control System, Closed-Loop Control Systems, Elements Of Automatic Or Feedback Control System, Requirement Of Automatic Control Systems

2              MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF CONTROL SYSTEM

Representation Of a Control System, Description  Of Some Of Typical Physics System, Tachnogenerators, Potentiometers, LVDT and Synchros, Synchros, Hydraulic Actuation

3              BASIC PRINCIPLES OF FEEDBACK CONTROL

The Control Objectives, Feedback Control System Characteristics, Proportional Mode Of Feedback Control, Integral Mode Of Feedback Control, Derivative Mode Of Feedback Control

4              TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS AND FREQUENCY RESPONSE

Standard Test Signals, Static Accuracy, Computation Of Steady State Errors, Transient Response: First Order System, Transient Response: Second Order System, Transient Response Specification, Conclusion, Frequency Response, Frequency Domain Specifications, Magnitude And Phase Angle Characteristics Plot, Frequency Response Specification, Representation Sinusoidal Transfer Function

5              CONCEPTS OF STABILITY AND THE ROUTH STABILITY CRITERION

Bounded-Input Bounded-Output Stability, Zero-Input Stability, The Routh Stability Criterion

  6              NYQUIST STABILITY CRITERION

Stability Margin, Phase Margin

  7              BODE  PLOTS

  8              ROOT LOCUS

The transfer function of a second order control system, General Rules

BTET3 : DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

1. ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Introduction, Contaminations, The Audio Spectrum, Signal Power Units, Volume Unit , Signal-To-Noise Ratio, Modulation, Fundamental Limitations In A Communication System, Number Systems

2. AMPLITUDE MODULATION

Introduction, definition of am, generation of am wave, double-sideband supressed-carrier modulation, single-sideband modulation (ssb), vestigial sideband modulation (vsb)., demodulation  of  am.

3. EXPONENTIAL MODULATION1 FREQUENCY MODULATION

Introduction, frequency spectrum of frequency modulation, comparison  of fm  and  am, frequency   modulation  band  widths, narrow band and wide band  frequency  modulation           

(nbfm and wbfm) , phase modulation, generation and detection principle, fm  demodulation :  am-based   method.

4. SAMPLING AND ANALOG PULSE MODULATION

Introduction, Sampling Theory, Sampling Analysis, Types Of Sampling, Practical Sampling: Major Problems, Types Of Analog Pulse Modulation, Pulse Amplitude Modulation, Pulse Position Modulation, Signal-To-Noise Ratios In Pulse Systems

5. DIGITAL DATA TRANSMISSION

Introduction, representation of data signal, parallel and serial data transmission, 20ma loop and line drivers, modems, data signal: signal shaping and signaling speed, partial response (correlative) techniques, noise and errqr analysis, repeaters, digital-modulation systems, amplitude-shift keying (ask), freq.uency.shift keying (fsk), four-phase or quarternary psk, interface standards

6. DIGITAL MODULATION  : DM AND PCM

Introduction, delta modulation, pulse.code modulation., pcm bandwidth, pcm reception and noise, quantization noise analysis, aperture time, the  ratio and channel capacity of pcm,comparison of pcm with other systems, pulse rate, codecs, 24-channel pcm, the pcm channel bank, multiplex   hierarchy, measurements of quantization noise, differential pcm

BTET4 : SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

1               FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS AMPLIFIERS

Advantages and Disadvantages of the FET, Basic Construction of the JFET, Characteristic Curves of the JFET, Principles of Operation of the JFET, Effect of VDS on Channel Conductivity, Channel Ohmic Region and Pinch-Off  Region, Characteristic Parameters of the FET, Effect of Temperature on FET, Common-Source AC Amplifier, Fixed Bias with Self-Bias, The Common-Drain or Source Follower, The Common-Gate FET Amplifier, Frequency Response of the FET Amplifier, Other Amplifier Configurations, Summary,

2              MOSFETS AND OTHER APPLICATIONS OF FETS

The Depletion MOSFET, The Enhancement MOSFET, Differences Between JFETs and MOSFETs, Handling Precautions for MOSFETs, Dual-Gate MOSFETs, Integral Gate Protection ,Testing Field-Effect Transistors, Application of a Dual-Gate MOSFET in an AGC Amplifier, Other Applications of FETs, The Field-Effect Diode , Summary

3              LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

The Operational Amplifier, The Inverting Differential Operational Amplifier, Analog Computer Solution of Linear Equations, Increasing Input Impedance in an Inverting Amplifier, The Noninverting Differential Operational Amplifier, The Differential Amplifier A General Purpose IC Operational Amplifier, Common-Mode Rejection Ratio, Emitter-Coupled Differential Amplifier, High-Performance Operational Amplifier, Increased Differential Input Impedance, Applications of Differential Operational Amplifiers, IC Audio Power Amplifier, Summary.

4              AN INTRODUCTION TO THE FABRICATION OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Evolution of Integrated Circuits, The Monolithic Integrated Circuit, Integrated Circuit Components, Methods of Fabricating Integrated Circuits, Complementary Symmetry MOS Integrated Circuit COS/MOS, Large-Scale Integration (LSI), Summary.

5              NON LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS I: COMBINATIONAL DIGITAL CIRCUITS

The Binary Concept, Basic Logic Gates , De Morgan's Law , NAND and NOR Logic Gates Comparison of Logic Families , Implementing Logic Circuits with NAND-­NOR Gates , The Meaning of Logic Implementation ,Summary.

6              NONLINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS II: SEQUENTIAL DIGITAL CIRCUITS

The Basic R-S Flip-Flop , Clock Pulses , The Clocked R-S Flip-Flop, The Clocked J-K Flip-Flop - DTL, TTL ,The Clocked J-K Flip-Flop - RTL , Other Types of Flip-Flops , Clock Pulse Requirements , The Monostable Multivibrator (One-Shot) , The Schmitt Trigger, Applications of Flip-Flops in Binary Counters, Some Basic Applications of Counters ,  Summary.

7              OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES

Fundamentals of Light, Photoconductive Sensors, Applications of Photodiodes and Phototransistors, Photovoltaic Sensors, Photoemissive Sensors, Light Emitters, Alpha Numeric Displays , Photocouplers, Summary.

8              THYRISTORS AND THE UNIJUNCTION TRANSISTOR

The Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR), The Triac, Triggering Devices, Typical Diac-Triac Phase-Control Circuit, The Unijunction Transistor (UJT), Summary.

9                BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE  TRIODE AMPLIFIER

Triode Construction, Triode Characteristics, Tube Properties, Relationship Between µ, , Permissible Area of Operation, Operation of the Triode as a DC Amplifier, Theory of Operation of an AC Amplifier: Bias, Gain of an AC Amplifier, Maximum Output Voltage Available from an Amplifier, Use of a Blocking Capacitor, Equivalent Circuit for a Small Signal AC Amplifier - Grounded Cathode, Summary.

10           ANALYSIS OF CLASS A TRIODE AMPLIFIERS

Evolution of Self Bias, Bypass Capacitor, Grid-Leak Resistor, Determination of Operating Point, Bias Line, AC Load Line, Effect of an AC Load, Effect of Coupling Capacitor, Performance Calculations for a Class A Triode Amplifier, Other Amplifier Configurations,  Cathode Follower, Grounded-Grid  Amplifier, Summary.

BTET5 : DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

1. CONTINUOUS IMAGE MATHEMATICAL CHARACTERIZATION

Image Representation, Two-Dimensional Systems, Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform, Image Stochastic Characterization

2. PSYCHOPHYSICAL VISION PROPERTIES

Light Perception, Eye Physiology, Visual Phenomena, Monochrome Vision Model, Color Vision Model

3. PHOTOMETRY AND COLORIMETRY

Photometry, Color Matching, Colorimetry Concepts, Tristimulus Value Transformation

4. IMAGE SAMPLING AND RECONSTRUCTION

Image Sampling And Reconstruction Concepts, Image Sampling Systems, Image Reconstruction Systems

5. DISCRETE IMAGE MATHEMATICALCHARACTERIZATION

Vector-Space Image Representation, Generalized Two-Dimensional Linear Operator, Image Statistical Characterization, Image Probability Density Models, Linear Operator Statistical Representation

6. IMAGE QUANTIZATION

Scalar Quantization, Processing Quantized Variables, Monochrome And Color Image Quantization

7. SUPERPOSITION AND CONVOLUTION

Finite-Area Superposition And Convolution, Sampled Image Superposition And Convolution, Circulant Superposition And Convolution, Superpositon And Convolution Operator Relationship

8. UNITARY TRANSFORMS

General unitary transforms, fourier transform, cosine, sine, and hartley transforms, hadamard, haar, anddaubechies transforms, karhunen-loeve transform

9. IMAGE ENHANCEMENT

Contrast Manipulation, Histogram Modification, Noise Cleaning, Edge Crispening, Color Image Enhancement, Multispectral Image Enhancement

10. IMAGE RESTORATION MODELS

General Image Restoration   Models, Optical Systems   Models, Photograpidc Process Models, Discrete Image Restoration Models

11. MORPHOLOGICAL IMAGE PROCESSING

Binary Image Connectivity, Binary Image Hit Or Miss Transformations, Binary Image Shrinking, Thinning, Skeletonizing, And Thickening, Binary Image Generalized Dilation And Erosion, Binary Image Close And Open Operations, Gray Scale Image Morphological Operations

12. EDGE DETECTION

Edge, line, and spot models, first-order derivative edge detection, second-order derivative edge detection, edge-fitting edge detection, luminance edge detector performance, color edge detection, line and spot detection

13. IMAGE FEATURE EXTRACTION

Image feature evaluation, amplitude features, transform coefficient features, texture definition, visual texture discrimination

COURSE STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B.TECH)

In

ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION

Course Structure

Third Year

Sixth  Semester

BTET6 : POWER ELECTRONICS AND DEVICES

Chapter 1 : POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE : Introduction, Thyristorised Power Controllers, Classification Of Power Controllers, Characteristics And Specification Of Power Devices, Comparison Of Power Devices

Chapter 2 : THYRISTOR : Introduction, Modes Of Operation, Dynamic Characteristics, Tharistors Gate Characteristics, Rating And Protection, Firing Circuits, Other Thyristors

Chapter 3 : TURN – OFF METHOD : Introduction, Natural Commutation (Class F : Line Commutation), Forced Commutation, Self Commutation By Resonating Load (Class A), Impulse Commutation (Class D : Auxiliary Voltage Commutation), Complementary Commutation (Class C), External Pulse Commutation (Class E)

Chapter 4 : CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS : Introduction, Principle Of Phase Controlled Converter Operation, Single Phase Semi Converters (Half Bridge Converter), Single Phase Full Convertors, Three Phase Half Wave Converters, Three Phase Semiconverters, Three Phase Full Converters

Chapter 5 : INVERTERS : Introduction , Principle, Performance Parameters, Single Phase Bridge Inverter, Voltage Control Of Single Phase Inverters, Harmonic Reduction, Current Source Inverters

Chapter 6 : CHOPPERS : Introduction, Principle Of Step Down Operation, Step Down Chopper With Rl Load, Principle Of Step Up Operation, Performance Parameters, Chopper Classification, Effects Of Source And Load Inductance, Applications Of Choppers

Chapter 7 : AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER : Introduction, Principle Of On – Off Control, Principle Of Phase Control, Single Phase Controller With Resistive Loads (Bidirectional Controllers), Single Phase Controllers With Inductive Loads, Merits, Demerits And Applications Of Ac Voltage Controllers

BTET7 : DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

Chapter 1 : Introduction : Signal, Systems, and Signal Processing, Classification of Signals, The concept of frequency in continuous–time and discrete–time signals.

Chapter 2 : Discrete-Time Signals and Systems : Discrete-time signals , Analysis of discrete – Time linear time – Invariant systems, Discrete – Time systems described by Difference equations.

Chapter 3 :  The Z-Transform and its application to the analysis of LTI Systems : The z-Transform , Properties of the z-Transform, Inversion of the z-Transform, The one-sided z-Transform.

Chapter 4 : Frequency Analysis of signals and systems : Frequency analysis of continuous –time signals , Frequency analysis of discrete-time signals, Properties of the fourier Transform for Discrete-Time signals.

Chapter 5 :  The discrete fourier transform : Its properties and applications,  Frequency domain sampling The discrete fourier transform, Properties of the DFT,

Chapter 6 : Sampling And Reconstruction Of Signals : Introduction, Representation Of A Continuous-Time Signal By Its Samples: The Sampling Theorem, Sampling With A Zero-Order Hold, Sampling Of Bandpass Signals, Discrete-Time Processing Of Continuous-Time Signals.

.

BTET8: MICRO- PROCESSOR

1.             MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE AND MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEM

Objectives, the microprocessor is a programmable logic device, designed with registers,             flip-flops, and timing elements, memory, r/wm (read/write memory), rom (read-only memory),           ee-prom (electrically erasable prom), recent advances in memory technology, input and output (i/o) devices, example of a microcomputer system, review: logic devices for interfacing, examples of latches.

2.             8086 MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE AND MEMORY INTER-FACING

Objectives, the 8085 mpu, address bus, multiplexed address/data bus, control and status signals, power supply and clock frequency, externally initiated signals, serial i/o ports, the alu, timing and control unit, instruction register and decoder, register array, example of an bobs-based microcomputer, memory interfacing, the sdk-85 memory system’, how does an 8085-based single-board microcomputer work?

3.             INTERFACING I/O DEVICES

Objectives, basic interfacing concepts, out instruction (8085), in instruction, interfacing output displays, circuit analysis, program, program description, problem statement, hardware description, seven-segment led, interfacing circuit and its analysis, interfacing input devices, memory-mapped i/o, execution of memory-related data transfer instructions, output port and its address, input port and its address, testing and troubleshooting i/o interfacing circuits, some questions and answers.

4.             INTERRUPTS

objectives, the 8085 interrupt, rst (restart) instructions, problem statement, main program, description of the interrupt process, testing interrupt on a single-board computer system, issues in implementing interrupts, 8085 vectored interrupts, ­trap, rst 7.5, 6.5, and 5.5, triggering levels, pending interrupts, problem statement, hardware description, monitor programe, main program, program description, internet service routine, restart as software instructions, problem statement, problem analysis, breakpoint subroutine, program discription, additional i/o concepts and processes, 8259a interrupt operation.

5.             INTERFACING DATA CONVERTERS

Objective, digital-to-analog (d/a) converters, r/2r ladder network, problem statement, hardware description, program, operating the d/a converter in a bipolar range, hardware description, analog-to-digital (aid) converters, interfacing an 8-bit a/d converter using status check, hardware description, interfacing circuit, service routine, dual-slope a/d converters.

6.             SDK-85 PROGRAMMABLE INTERFACE DEVICES

Objective, basic concepts in programmable devices, data input with handshake, data output with handshake, the 8155/8156 and 8355/8755 multipurpose programmable devices, control logic, the 8155 i/o ports, chip enable logic and port addresses, control word, hardware description, control word, program description, problem statement, control signals in handshake mode, input, output, status word, problem statement, problem analysis, port addresses, program description, interrupt i/o, the 8279 programmable keyboard/displa y interface, keyboard section, scan section, display section, mpu interface section, circuit description, decoding logic and port addresses, initialization instructions.

7.             GENERAL-PURPOSE PROGRAMMABLE PERIPHERAL DEVICE

Objective, the 8255a programmable peripheral interface, control logic, bsr control word, port address, subroutine, problem statement,  problem analysis, mode 0: control word, bsr control word for start pulse, subroutine, program description, mode 1: input control signals, control and status words, programming the 8255a in mode 1, mode 1: output control signals, control and status words, problem statement, program description, illustration: interfacing keyboard and seven-segment display, key debounce, illustration : bidirectional data transfer between two microcomputers, data transfer from master mpu to slave mpu, data transfer from slave to master mpu, control word-mode 2, status word-mode 2, read and write operations of the slave mpu, program comments, slave program, The 8254 (8253) Programmable Interval Timer, Data Bus Buffer, ­Control Logic, Mode, Write Operations, Read Operations, Problem Statement, Mode 0: Interrupt On Terminal Count, Mode 1: Hardw Are-Retriggerable One-Shot, Mode 2: Rate Generator, Mode 3: Square-Wave Generator, Mode 4: Software-Triggered Strobe, Mode 5: Hardware-Triggered Strobe, Read-Back Command, The 8259a Programmable Interrupt Controller, Read/Write Logic, Control Logic, Interrupt Registers And Priority Resolver, Cascade Buffer/Comparator, End Of Interrupt, Additional Pea Tures Of The 8259a, Direct Memory Access (Dma) And The 8257 Dma Controller, Dma.Channels, Need For 8212 And Signal Adstb, Signal Aen (Address Enable), Initialization,  Dma Execution.

8.             SERIAL I/O AND DATA COMMUNICATION

Objectives, Basic concepts in serial i/o, Synchronous vs, Asynchronous transmission, Simplex and duplex transmission, Rate of transmission (baud), Parity check, Checksum, Cyclic redundancy check (crc), Software-controlled asynchronous serial i/o, Serial output data (sod), Serial input data (sid), Hardware-controlled serial i/o using programmable chips, Read/write control logic and registers, Transmitter section, Receiver section, Initializing the 8251a, Program description.

9.             MICROPROCESSOR APPLICATION

Objectives, Designing scanned displays, Sn 75491-segment driver, Sn 75492-digit driver, Interfacing a matrix keyboard, Keyboard subroutine, Mm74c923 keyboard encoder, Memory design, Eprom memory, Wait state calculations, 8086 mpu design, Address bus, Data bus, Control signals, Frequency and power requirements, Externally triggered signals, Designing a system: single-board microcomputer, Keyboard, Display, Execute, System buses and their driving capacity, Keyboard and displays, Software design, Program coding, Development and troubleshooting tools, Emulation process, Features of in-circuit emulator, Debugging tools.

10.          INTRODUCTION TO 8085 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING

Objectives, the 8085 programming model, registers, accumulator, flags, program counter (pc), stack pointer (sp), instruction classification, data transfer (copy) operations, arithmetic operations, logical operations, branching operations, machine control operations, instruction format, one-byte instructions, two-byte instructions, three-byte instructions

BTET9 : TELECOMMUNICATION SWITCHING AND SIGNAL

Chapter 1: Introduction:

Evolution of Telecommunications, Simple Telephone Communication, Basics of a Switching System, Manual Switching System, Major Telecommunication Networ.

Chapter 2: Strowger Switching Systems:

Rotary Dial Telephone, Signalling Tones, Strowger Switching Components, Step-by-step Switching, Design Parameters, 100-line Switching System, 1000-line Blocking Exchange, 10,000 – Line Exchange.

Chapter 3:Crossbar Switching:

Principles of common Control , Touch Tone Dial Telephone, Principles of crossbar Switching , Crossbar Switch Configurations, Crosspoint Technology, Crossbar Exchange Organization.

Chapter 4: Electronic Space Division Switching:

Stored Program Control, Centralized SPC, Distributed SPC, Software Architecture, Application Software, Enhanced Services, Two-stage Networks, Three-stage Networks , n-Stage Networks.

Chapter 5:  Speech Digitization and Transmission:

Sampling , Quantization and Binary coding , Quantization Noise, Companding, Differential Coding, Vocoders, Pulse Transmission, Line Coding, Time division Multiplexing.

Chapter 6: Time Division Switching:

Basic Time Division Space Switching, Basic Time Division Time Switching, Time Multiplexed Space Switching, Time Multiplexed Time Switching, Combination Switching.

Chapter 7:Optical Fibre Systems:

Types of Optical Fibres, Fibre Optic Transmission.

Chapter 8: Traffic Engineering :

Network Traffic Load and Parameters, Grade of Service and Blocking Probability, Modelling Switching Systems, Incoming Traffic and Service Time Characterisation, Blocking Models and Loss Estimates, Delay Systems.

Chapter 9:Telephone Networks:

Subscriber Loop Systems, Switching Hierarchy and Routing, Transmission Plan, Transmission Systems, Numbering Plan, Charging Plan.

BTET 10: INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT

Chapter 1: Nature and Significance of Economics :  Science, Engineering and Technology and their relationship with economics development, appropriate technology for development countries

Chapter 2 : Demand and Supply Analysis : Elasticity, Competition, Monopoly, Oligopoly, Monopolistic competition, Price Discrimination, Equilibrium of firm .

Chapter 3 : Function of Money : Supply and Demand for money, Inflation, Black Money.

Chapter 4: Functions of Commercial Bank : Multiple credit creation, Banking systems in India.

Chapter 5 : Central Banking : Functions of Central Banking, monetary policy.

Chapter 6 : Sources of Public Revenue : Principles of taxation, Direct and Indirect taxes , reform of tax system .

Chapter 7: Theory of International Trade : Balance of trade and payment, Theory of protection, Exchange control, Devaluation.

Chapter 8: New Economics Policy : Liberalization, Extending , Privatization, Globalization, Market- Friendly state, Export led growth.

Chapter 9: Causes of Underdevelopment : Determinants of economic development, stages of economics growth, Strategy of development, Critical minimum effort strategy .

Chapter 10: Management Functions : Developments of management thought, Contribution of F.W. Taylor, Henri Fayol, Elton-Mayo, System Approach to Management .

Chapter 11: Nature of Planning : Decision making process, MBO.

Chapter 12: Organization : Line and Staff relationships, Decentralization of delegation of authority .

Chapter 13: Communication Process : Media Channels and barriers to effective communication .

Chapter 14: Theory of Motivation : Maslow, Herzberg and McGregor Theory of motivation, McClelland’s achievement theory.

Chapter 15 : Production Management : Production Planning and control, inventory control, quality control, total quality management.

Chapter 16 : Project Management : Project Development life cycle, project feasibility, CPM, PERT.

Chapter 17: Cost Accounting and Finance : Techniques of Financial Control, Financial Statements Financial Ratios, Break-even analysis, Budgeting and budgetary control.

Chapter 18 : Marketing Functions : Management of Sales and advertising, Marketing research .

Chapter 19: Human Resource Management : Functions, Selection, Training.

Chapter 20 : Engineering Economics : Investment Decisions, Payback time .

****************

COURSE STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B.TECH)

In

Electronics & Telecommunication

Course Structure

Fourth Year

Seventh Semester

Syllabus

BEET 1 MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

1.  INTRODUCTION

Introduction  to wireless communication systems

2. THE CELLULAR CONCEPT:

Frequency reuse handoff, interference, trunking  and grade of service, improving the capacity of cellular systems.

3. MOBILE RADIO PROPAGARION :

Large scale path loss, reflection, ground  reflection, model (2 ray model), diffraction, practical link budget design using path loss models, small scale fading and multi-path, small- scale multi-path propagation, parameter of multi –path channels, types of small scale fading, Raleigh and raleigh distribution diversity.

4.  ANALOG CELLULAR MOBILE SYSTEM :

AMPS and ETACS system (overview call handling, air interface, N – AMPS).

5. DIGITAL CELLULAR MOBILE SYSTEM :

GSM- services, features, system architecture, radio subsystem, channel types, frame structure, signal processing security aspects, network operations.

6. LOW POWER WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS :

Cordless telephone, CT2, DECT,PHS, PACS

7. CDMA digital cellular standard (IS-95) :

Frequency and channel specification, forward and reverse CDMA channel.

8. MOBILE TERMINALS :

Over view, types, radiated power, functional architecture, encryption, subscriber identify module.

9. GLOBAL MOBILE SATELLITE SYSTEM :

Introduction to iridium system, global star system, ICO system, telederic system.

10.  THIRD GENERATION MOBILE COMMUNICATION :

System IMT -2000, Introduction, radio aspects, network aspects.

BEET 2 RF & Microwave Engineering

1.  INTRODUCTION

What are Microwaves, Characteristic Features of Microwaves, Applications of Microwaves, Outline of Books

2. TRANSMISSION STRUCTURES AND RESONATORS

Transmission Lines, Waveguides, Resonators.

3. GENERATION OF MICROWAVES BY VACUUM TUBES

Limitations of Conventional Tubes, Klystron Amplifiers, Relax Klystron Oscillator, Magnetrons, Traveling Wave Tubes (TWT).

4. MICROWAVE SOLID STATE SOURCES

Bipolar Transistors, field Effect Transistors, Transferred Electron Oscillators, Avalanche Diode Oscillators.

5. MICROWAVE NETWORK REPRESENTATION

Kirchhoff’s Laws and Maxwell’s Equations, Voltages and Currents, Waveguide Impedance, Scattering Matrix Representation, Scattering Matrices for some typical Networks.

6. MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS

Detection of Microwaves, Microwave Power Measurement, Impedance Measurement, Measurement of  Scattering Parameters, Frequency Measurement.

7. PASSIVE CIRCUIT COMPONENTS

Impedance Transformers, Microwave Filters, Directional Couplers.

8. FERRITE DEVICES

Introduction, Ferrites and Tensor Permeability, Wave Propagation in a Ferrite Medium, Faraday Rotation in Ferrites, Isolator Circulators, Faraday rotation Switch and Modulator, Port Circulators, Resonance Absorption in Ferrites,  YIG Resonators.

9. MICROWAVE CONTROL AND LOGIC COMPONENTS

PIN diodes, PIN diode Switches, Phase Shifters, PIN Attenuators, Modulators and Limiters, Logic Circuits using transferred Electron Devices, logic Circuits using GaAs MESFETs.

10.  MICROWAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

Planar Transmission Lines, Technology of Hybrid MICs, Advantages of MICs,  Difficulties with MICs.

11. LUMPED ELEMENTS AT MICROWAVE FREQUENCIES

Design of Lumped Elements, Fabrication of Lumped Elements, Measurements on Lumped Elements, Circuits using Lumped Elements.

12. INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION

Industrial Control and Measurements, Doppler Motion Sensors, Applications Based on Microwave Heating.

BEET 3 MICRO ELECTRONICS

PART – I- OVERVIEW AND MATERIALS

1.  AN INTRODUCTION TO MICROELECTRONIC FABRICATION

Microelectronic Technologies : A simple Example, Unit Processes and Technologies, A Roadmap for  the Course.

2. SEMICONDUCTOR SUBSTRATES

Phase diagrams and Solid Solubility, Crystallography and Crystal Structure, Crystal Defects, Czochralski Growth, Bridgman Growth of GaAs, Float Zone Growth, Wafer Preparation and Specifications.

PART – II- UNIT PROCESS –I : HOT PROCESSING  AND LON IMPLANTATION

1. DIFFUSION

Fick’s Diffusion Equation in one Dimension, Atomistic Models of Diffusion., Atomistic Models of Diffusion. Analytic solutions of Fick’s Law, Corrections to simple Theory, Diffusion Coefficients for common Dopants, analysis  of Diffusion profiles, Diffusion in SiO₂ Diffusion Systems, SUPREM simulations of Diffusion Profiles.

2.  LON IMPLANTATION

Idealized Ion Implantation Systems, Coulomb Scattering, Vertical Projected Range, channeling and Lateral Projected Range, Implantation Damage, Shallow Junction formation, Buried Dielectrics, Ion Implantation Systems, Problems and Concerns, Implanted Profiles  Using SUPREM.

PART – III- UNIT PROCESS –2 : PATTERN TRANSFER

1. OPTICAL LITHOGRAPHY

Lithography overview, Diffraction, the modulation Transfer Function and Optical Exposures, Source Systems and Spatial Coherence, Contact / Proximity Printers, Projection Printers, Advanced Mask Concepts, Surface Reflections and Standing Waves, Alignment

2.  PHOTORESISTS

Photoresist types, Organic Materials and Polymers, Typical  Reactions of DQN Positive Photoresist, contrast Curves, The Critical Modulation Transfer Function, Applying and Developing Photoresist, Second – Order Exposure Effects, Advanced Photoresists and Photoresist Processes,

3. VACUUM SCIENCE AND PLASMAS

The kinetic Theory of Gasses, Gas Flow and Conductance, Pressure Ranges and Vacuum Pumps, Vacuum Seals and Pressure Measurement, The DC Glow Discharge, RF Discharges, High Density Plasmas,

4. ETCHING

Wet Etching, Chemical Mechanical Polishing, Basic Regimes of Plasma Etching, High Pressure Plasma Etching, Ion Milling, Reactive Ion Etching, Damage in Reactive Ion Etching, High Density Plasma (HDP) Etching, Liftoff.

BEET 4 : COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORK

PART – I- LOCAL AREA NETWORKS

1. LAN TECHNOLOGY

Lan Applications, LAN Architecture, Bus LANs, Ring LANs, Star LANs, Wireless  LANs, Bridges,

2. LAN SYSTEMS

Ethernet (CSMA/CD), Token Ring and FDDI, ATM LANs, Fibre Channel, Wireless LANS.

PART – II- COMMUNICATIONS ARCHITECTURE AND PROTOCOLS

1. INTERNET PROTOCOLS

Principles of Internetworking, Connectionless Internetworking, Internet Protocol, IPv6, IP Multicasting.

2. INTERNETWORK OPERATION

Routing Protocols, Integrated Services Architecture, Resource Reservation, RSVP, differentiated Services,

3. TRANSPORT PROTOCOLS

Connection-Oriented Transport Protocol Mechanisms, TCP, TCP Congestion control, UDP.

4. NETWORK SECURITY

Security Requirements and Attacks, confidentiality  with Conventional Encryption, Message Authentication and Hash Functions, Public –Key Encryption and Digital Signatures, IPv4 and IPv6 Security.

5. DISTRIBUTED APPLICATION

Abstract Synax Notation one (ASN.1), Network Management, SNMP, electronic Mail :SMTP and MIME, Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP).

PART –III- WIDE AREA NETWORK

1. CIRCUIT SWITCHING

Switching Networks, Circuit Switching Networks, Circuit Switching Concepts, Routing in Circuit – Switching Networks.

2. PACKET SWITCHING

Packet Switching Principles, Routing, X.25

3. ATM AND FRAME RELAY

Protocol Architecture, ATM Logical Connections, ATM Cells, Transmission of ATM Cells.

4.  CONGESTION CONTROL IN DATA NETWORKS

Effects of Congestion, Congestion Control, Traffic Management, Congestion Control in Packet – Switching Networks, ATM Traffic Management.

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COURSE STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B.TECH)

In

Electronics & Telecommunication

Course Structure

Fourth Year

Seventh Semester

Syllabus

Elective – I

BEET 5-I- OPTO ELECTRONICS & PHOTONICS – I

1. ELEMENTAL AND COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS

Introduction, Bounding in Solids, Crystalline Nature of Solids, Alloy Semiconductors, Lattice-Mismatched and Pseudomorphic Materials, Transmission Media and Choice of Materials, Crystal Growth, Device Processing

2. ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTORS

Introduction, Carrier Effective Masses and Bandstructure, Effect of Temperature and Pressure on Bandgap, Carrier Scattering Phenomena, Semiconductor Statistics, Conduction Processes in Semiconductors, Bulk and Surface Recombination Phenomena

3. OPTICAL PROCESSES IN SEMICONDUCTORS

Electron-Hole Pair Formation and Recombination, Absorption in Semiconductors, Effect of Electric Field on Absorption: Franz-Keldysh and Stark Effects, Absorption in Quantum Wells and the Quantum-Confined Stark Effect, The Kramers-Kornig Relations, Radiation in Semiconductors, Deep Level Transitions, Auger Recombination, Luminescence from Quantum Wells, measurement of Absorption and Luminescence Spectra, Time-Resolved Photoluminescence

4. JUNCTION THEORY

Introduction, P-N Junctions, Schottky Barriers and Ohmic Contracts, Semiconductor Heterojunctions Chapter Highlights

5. LIGHT EMITTING DIODES  

Introduction, The Electroluminescent Process, Choice of LED Materials, Device Configuration and Efficiency, Light Output from LED, LED Structures, Device Performance characteristics, Frequency Response and Modulation Bandwidth, Manufacturing Process and Applications

BEET 5-II- DIGITAL VOICE PICTURE COMMUNICATION

1.       RADIO RECEIVERS

Trf and Superheat receivers, AM broadcast receivers, Communication Receivers, Tuning Indicator, Diversity reception, FM receivers.

2.       NOISE

Introduction, External noise, Internal noise, Noise in Communication system, Noise in   AM,FM, and PM  system, Noise in pulse modulated systems.

3.       PROPAGATION OF WAVES

Reflection/ refraction of radio waves, Atmospheric absorption – Tropospheric Scatter, Ionospheric Layers, Sky Waves, Virtual Height, Regular & irregular ionospheric variations, Skip distance, Primary & Secondary Service Area.

4.       BROAD BANK COMMUNICATIONS

Time division multiplexing, Frequency Division multiplexing, Computer Communication System, Microwave Links, Line of Sight (LOS)links, Tropospheric Links, Satellite Communications – Choice of Orbit FDMA, TDMA, SPADE, Optical Communications – Modulation and Detection, Integrated service digital network (ISDN).

5.       PICTURE-SIGNAL TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION

Facsimile-transmission and reception, Television-scanning process, CCIR-B standards, TV camera systems – image orthicon and vidicon –transmission and reception principle for  black and white TV signals, Principle of color TV – primary colours, colour TV systems – NTSC, SECAM, PAL, Transmission and reception using PAL system, PIL Picture tube.

6.       RECORDING AND DIGITAL PROCESSING OF VIDEO SIGNALS

Basic Video recording principles, Recording of luminance signals, Recording of Chrominance signal, Frequency range of the VHS signal, Tape loading, Tape format in VHS systems, Operating modes of a video cassette recorder, E-E mode, Playback mode, Digital processing of Video Signals, How much digital is the Digital TV? Video processor, Audio Processing, Control Computer, CD Players

BEET 5-III- RADAR ENGINEERING – I

1.       AN INTRODUCTION TO RADAR

Basic Radar , The Simple Form of the Radar Equation, Radar Block Diagram, Radar Frequencies, Application of Radar, The Origins of Radar

2. THE RADAR EQUATION

Introduction, Detection of Signals in Noise, Receiver Noise and the Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Probability Density Functions, Probabilities of Detection and False Alarm, Integration of Radar Pulses, Radar Cross-Section Fluctuations, Transmitter Power, Pulse Repetition Frequency, Antenna Parameters, System Losses, Other Radar Equation Considerations

3. MTI AND PULSE DOPPLER RADAR

Introduction to Doppler and MTI Radar, Delay-Line Cancelers, Staggered Pulse Repetition Frequencies, Doppler Filter Banks, Digital MTI Processing, Moving Target Detector, Limitations to MTI Performance, MTI from a Moving Platform (AMTI), Pulse Doppler Radar, Other Doppler Radar Topics

4. TRACKING RADAR

Tracking with Radar, Monopulse Tracking, Conicla Scan and sequential Lobing, Limitations to Tracking Accuracy, Low-Anle Tracking, Tracking in Range, Other Tracking Radar Topics, Comparison of Trackers, Automatic Tracking with Surveillance Radars (ADT)

5. DETECTION OF SIGNALS IN NOISE

Introduction, Matched-Filter Receiver, Detection Criteria, Detectors, Automatic Detection, Integrators, Constant-False-Alarm Rate Receivers, The Radar Operator, Signal Management

6. INFORMATION FROM RADAR SIGNALS

Introduction, Basic Radar Measurements, Theoretical Accuracy of Radar Measurements, Ambiguity Diagram, Pulse Compression, Target Recognition

BEET 5-IV- OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION

 1        .... ELEMENTARY DISCUSSION OF PROPAGATION IN DIELECTRIC WAVEGUIDES

Introduction, Step-index fibers: numerical aperture and multi path dispersion, Propagation and multipath dispersion in graded-index fibers, Modes and rays, The slab waveguide

2              MATERIAL DISPERSION

Refractive index: theory, The refractive indices of bulk media: experimental values, Time dispersion in bulk media, The wavelength of minimum dispersion

3              ATTENUATION MECHANISMS IN OPTICAL FIBERS

Introduction, Absorption, Scattering,              Other very low-loss materials, All-plastic and polymer-clad-silica (PCS) fibers, Damage by ionizing radiation

4              SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS

The optimum wavelength for silica fibers, The ultimate bandwidth limitation, A comparison between optical fibers and conventional electrical transmission lines

5              SINGLE-MODE FIBERS

Types of single-mode fiber, Mode spot size, HE 11  mode propagation characteristics

6              THE FABRICATION OF FIBERS, CABLES AND PASSIVE COMPONENTS

Fiber production methods, Fiber strength, Cables, Splices and connectors

7              FIBER PARAMETERS: SPECIFICATION AND MEASUREMENT

Introduction, The refractive-index profile, Near- and far-field intensity distributions, Attenuation measurements, Bandwidth measurements, Cutoff wavelength

8              THE DESIGN OF LEDS FOR OPTICAL COMMUNICATION

The external quantum efficiency, The Burrus-type double heterostructure surface- emitting LED (DH-SLED), The stripe-geometry, edge-emitting LED (ELED), LED-to-fiber launch efficiency, Lensed LED-to-fiber launch systems, LED designs

9              SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS

The theory of laser action in semiconductors, Some simplified calculations, Modulation frequency response, Noise in semiconductor lasers

10           SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS FOR OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Introduction, Methods for obtaining the stripe geometry, Optical and electrical characteristics of Fabry-Perot lasers, Spectral characteristics, Power and voltage characteristics, Quantum-well lasers and laser arrays, Single frequency semiconductor lasers, The reliability of DH semiconductor LEDs and lasers, The transmitter module

11           THE RECEIVER AMPLIFIER

Introduction, Sources of receiver noise, Circuits, devices and definitions, Signal-to-noise ratio in the voltage amplifier circuit,    Signal-to-noise ratio in the transimpedance feedback amplifier, The ideal quantum-limited receiver, Amplifier design examples

12           THE REGENERATION OF DIGITAL SIGNALS

Causes of regeneration error, The quantum limit to detection, The effect of amplifier noise and thermal noise on the error probability, Noise penalties in practical system

13           OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Introduction, The economic merits of optical fiber systems,        Digital optical fiber telecommunication systems,           Data communication networks, Analog systems, The optical ether

****************

COURSE STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B.TECH)

In

Electronics & Telecommunication

Course Structure

Fourth Year

VIII Semester                                                                            

Syllabus

BEET 6 VLSI TECHNOLOGY & PROCESS MODELING

1.       A REVIEW OF MICROELECTRONICS AND AN INTRODUCTION TO MOS TECHNOLOGY

Introduction to integrated circuit technology, The integrated circuit (IC) era, Metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) and related VLSI technology, Basic MOS  transistors, Enhancement mode transistor action, Depletion mode transistor action, Depletion mode transistor action, nMOS fabrication, CMOS fabrication, Thermal aspects of processing, BiCMOS technology, Production of E-beam masks.

2.       SUBSYSTEM DESIGN AND LAYOUT

Switch logic, Gate (restoring) logic – The inverter; Two-input nMOS; CMOS and BiCMOS Nand Gates;Two-input nMOS, CMOS and BiCMOS Nor Gates; Other forms of CMOS logic, Examples of structured design (combinational logic) – A parity generator; Bus arbitration logic for n-line bus; Multiplexers (data selectors); A general logic function block; A four-line Gray code to binary code converter; The programmable logic array (PLA), Some clocked sequential circuits – Two-phase clocking; Charge storage; Dynamic register element; A dynamic shift register.

3.       SUBSYSTEM DESIGN PROCESSES

Some general considerations, An illustration of design processes – The general arrangement of a 4-bit arithmetic processor; The design of a 4 – bit Shifter, Observations.

4.       SOME CMOS DESIGN PROJECTS

Introduction to project work, CMOS project 1 – an incrementer / decrementer, CMOS project 2 – left / right shift serial / parallel register, CMOS project 3 – a comparator for two n-bit numbers , CMOS/BiCMOS project 4 – a two-phase non-overlapping clock generator with buffered output on both phases, CMOS projects 5 – design of a ¶ latch – an event-driven latch element for EDL systems.

5.       ULTRA-FAST VLSI CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS – INTRODUCTION TO GAAS TECHNOLOGY

Ultra-fast systems, Gallium arsenide crystal structure, Technology Development, Device modeling and performance estimation, MESFET-based design, GaAs MESFET classes of logic.

BEET 7 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

1. PRINCIPLES OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS:

Evolution and Growth of Communication Satellite, Synchronous Satellite, International Regulation and Frequency Co-ordination, Satellite Frequency Allocation and Bank Spectrum, General and Technical Characteristics of a Satellite Communication System, Advantages of Satellite Communication, Active and Passive Satellite , Advent of Digital Satellite Communication, Modem and Codec, Review Questions, Reference.

2. DIGITAL SATELLITE TRANSMISSION:

Advantages of Digital Communication, Byte, Baud , Elements of Digital Satellite Communication Systems, Digital Base band Signals, Digital Modulation Techniques, Satellite Digital Link Design, Time Division Multiplexing , UST, 24- Channel System, Review Questions, Reference.

3. MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES:

Introduction, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), TDMA, Frame Structures, TDMA Burst Structures, TDMA Frame Efficiency, TDMA Super frame, TDMA Frame Acquisition and Synchronization, TDMA Compared to FDMA,  TDMA Burst Time Plan, Multiple Beam (Satellite Switched) TDMA Satellite Systems, Beam Hopping ( Transponder Hopping) TMDA, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) and Hybrid Access Techniques, Suggested References, Review Questions.

4. DEMAND ASSIGNMENT MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES:

 Introduction , Erlang call congestion ( Blocking or B) Formula, Demand Assignment Control , DA- FDMA ( Spade) System, Demand Assignment TDMA (DATDMA) Digital Speech Interpolation, Review Questions, References.

5. SPREAD SPECTRUM TECHNIQUE AND CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS:

 Introduction , Process Gain and Jam Margin, J/S Ratio and Antijam Margin, Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Techniques , PN Sequence, DS- CDMA, Frequency  Hopping Spread Spectrum Communication System (FM-SS), Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Code- Division Multiple Access (FH-SS-CDMA), Synchronization, Application of Spread Spectrum Techniques, Hybrid Systems, Review Questions.

6. SATELLITE ORBITS AND INCLINATION:

Introduction, Synchronous Orbit, Orbital Parameters, Satellite Location With Respect to the Earth , Look Angles, Earth Coverage and Slant Range, Eclipse Effects, Satellite Placement in Geostationary Orbit, Station Keeping, Satellite Stabilization, Review Questions, References.

7. COMMUNICATION SATELLITE SUBSYSTEMS:

 Introduction, Electric  Power Supply, Attitude and Orbit Control , Propulsion Sub System, Repeaters, Antenna Systems, Telemetry , Tracking and Command (TTC) Subsystem, Thermal Control System, Structure Subsystem, Reliability of Satellite Subsystems, Review Questions, References.

8. SATELLITE EARTH STATIONS:

 Introduction, Earth Station Design Requirement, Earth Station Subsystems, Monitoring and Control, Frequency Coordination , Small Earth Station, Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSATs), Mobile and Transport Earth Stations, Earth Stations in Near Future, TVRO Systems (Television Receive Only Systems), Review Questions, References.

9. SATELLITE AND CABLE TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS:

Introduction, Cable Channel Frequencies, Head- End Equipment, Distribution of the Signal , Important Cable Television Network Specifications, Network Architecture, Optical Fiber CATV Systems, Indian Perspective, Future of Cable TV Systems, Reference.

10. SPEECH CODING TECHNIQUES:

Introduction, Some Facts about Speech, Digital Speech Quality and International  Digital Telephony Standards, Basic Speech Coding Methods, Low Bit Rate Speech Coding, Audio Coding, Hardware Technology in Speech Coding, Speech Coder Performance.

***************

COURSE STRUCTURE & SYLLABUS OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (B.TECH)

In

Electronics & Telecommunication

Course Structure

Fourth Year

VIII Semester

Elective – II

BEET 8 : SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AND MODELING

1. BASIC SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS

Introduction, Solis-state Structure, Band Structure, Electrons and Hole: Semiconductor Statistics, Intrinsic; Extrinsic and Compensated Semiconductors, Electron and Hole Mobility’s and Drift Velocities, Hall Effect and Magnetoresistance.

2.P-N JUNCTIONS, SCHOTTKY BARRIER JUNCTIONS, HETEROJUNCTIONS AND OHMIC CONTACTS

Introduction, p-n Junction Under Zero Bias Condition, Current Voltage Characteristics of an Ideal p-n Junction (The Diode Equation), Tunneling and Tunnel Diodes, Junction Breakdown – Breakdown Mechanisms; Impact Ionization and Avalanche Breakdown, Schottky Barriers, Current Voltage Characteristics of Schottky Diodes – Thermionic Emission Model; Current Voltage Characteristics: Thermionic Field Emission & Field Emission; Small-Signal Circuit of a Schottky Diode

3. BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTORS

Principle of Operation, Minority Carrier Profiles in a Bipolar Junction Transistor, Current Components and Current Gain, Base Spreading Resistance and Emitter Current Crowding in Bipolar Junction Transistor, Effects of Non-Uniform Doping in the Base Region: Graded Base Transistors, Output Characteristics of Bipolar Junction Transistors and Early effect, Ebers-Moll Model, Bipolar Junction Transistor as a Small Signal Amplifier: Cutoff Frequencies, Bipolar Junction Transistor as a Switch, Bipolar Junction Transistors in Integrated Circuits.

4. FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS

Introduction, Surface Charge in Metal Oxide Semiconductor Capacitor, Capacitance-Voltage Characteristics of an MIS Structure, Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs), Velocity Saturation Effects in MOSFETs, Short Channel and Nonideal Effects in MOSFETs, Subthreshold Current in MOSFETs, MOSFET Capacitances and Equivalent Circuit, Enhancement-and Depletion-Mode MOSFETs Complementary MOSFETs (CMOS) and Silicon on Sapphire, Metal Semi-conductor Field-Effect Transistors.

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